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Surgery is the most technical branch of medicine. Behind every successful surgeon, there is a set of instruments painstakingly made. They are not metal instruments; they are human hands fleshed out in steel, made with care for the most delicate of medical procedures. Whether it is an appendectomy, literally life and death, or a neurosurgery, where care is needed, proper use of operating instruments is the difference between success and complications.
They are used in incising, cutting tissues, or dissecting
anatomical structures.
General scissors to trim tissue and skin.
May come in varying sizes of blades (e.g., #10, #11, #15).
blade #10: Large cut in skin.
blade #15: Delicate small cuts in soft cases.
blade #11: Stab or puncture wounds (e.g., drainage of an
abscess).
-Thin tips to trim sensitive tissues.
Short handle, long blade.
Used in most of the soft tissue cases, such as resection of
the bowel.
Curved: To trim thick tissue like fascia and muscle.
Straight: To cut suture or material.
Used most frequently in abdominal surgery.
Finely tipped to trim very delicate tissues with precision.
Used in ophthalmic or neurological surgery.
Delicate cutting with pointed tips.
Used most frequently in eye surgery or microsurgery.
Flexible wire saw for bone cutting.
Used in orthopedic or cranial surgery.
Used to hold, catch, or pull tissue without traumatizing it.
Toothed: Used to hold skin or fascia (e.g., Adson
forceps).
Non-toothed: Used to hold very thin tissue (e.g.,
Debakey forceps).
Traumatizing grip of large tissue.
Holds or pulls organs such as breast tissue or intestine.
Non-traumatic, fenestrated tips.
Holds tubular organs such as the intestines, fallopian
tubes.
Toothed, strong grip.
Used in thyroid and abdominal surgery.
Bulbous tips to hold sponges or gauze.
For use or preparation on sterile swabs.
A must in controlling bleeding by compressing vessels or
tissue.
To control bleeding.
Mosquito: Fine
and slender, on small vessels.
Kelly:
Intermediate for general purpose.
Crile: Same
but with full-length serrations.
Heavy and long for vessels far within.
Used in large abdominal operations.
Curved vascular clamp.
Occludes the partial vena cava and large vessels.
Spring-loaded vascular clamp.
Permanently seals the blood flow through small vessels.
Retractors allow visualization of tissue or organ
retraction.
Twin-bladed: flat face, sharp edge.
Used superficial wounds and minor trauma.
double-bladed, typically applied to treat orthopaedics and
general surgical requirements.
Shows superficial, deep retraction of tissue.
Right-bladed intra-abdominal instrumentation to be used in surgery.
causes deep retraction.
Curved retractor for deep retraction of the abdominal cavity or
thoracic cavity.
Self-retaining side blades.
Used in the case of large abdominal surgery to retract the free
hands.
Sharp-tipped and self-retaining.
Used in the case of orthopedics and neurosurgery.
Used in wound or incision closure after surgery.
Used during surgery to sew.
Different sizes and lock options.
Rapid closure of surgical wounds.
Used very commonly in trauma or emergency conditions.
Metal clips are to be used to close vessels or ducts.
Used with the assistance of special equipment such as clip
appliers.
Not a device, but used to close minor injuries.
Help maintain the field free of blood and fluid.
Stiff curved suction device.
Used mostly for oropharyngeal suction or general surgery.
Used to measure the amount of fluid.
used for abdominal cavity suction.
Fine-tip for ENT and neuro cases.
Thumb hole to regulate suction pressure.
Used to cut, manipulate, or hold bones.
Raises and separates periosteum from bone.
Used in orthopedic exposure.
Heavy-duty bone-gnawing instrument.
Standard equipment in orthopedic and neurosurgery units.
Scanner-type instrument to cut through bone.
Used with osteotomes or chisels.
Holds bone fragments in place to be set.
Surgical instruments used for brain and spine procedures.
• Used to remove small bones, typical of spine surgery.
• Frequently used in laminectomies.
• Penfield Dissector
• Neural tissue precision dissector.
• In other tips (1–5) for use.
• Cut or relocate dura mater in cranium operation.
Ear, Nose, and Throat instruments in specialist procedures.
Removes foreign material or places a nasal pack.
For otologic operation or ear debridement.
Used to open the nostril for examination or operation.
Reflects light to examine the larynx.
Used in minimally invasive (keyhole) surgery.
Provides ports of entry into the abdomen.
Allows passage of instruments or cameras.
Employed to insufflate the abdomen with CO₂.
Manipulates around tissues or organs.
atraumatic or toothed varieties.
Employed to dissect tissues under vision.
Provides coagulation, clipping, or suturing.
These instruments provide controlled energy or heat for
coagulation or cutting tissue.
Grounding pad required.
Often used for coagulation or cutting.
Bipolar Cautery (e.g., Bipolar Forceps)
Energy is transferred between the tips.
Less hazardous for neurosurgery and sensitive procedures.
Cuts and coagulates
using ultrasonic vibration.
Avoids thermal
spread.
Vessel seal temporary system.
Transects and cuts vessels up to 7mm.
Sterilization equipment to keep the OR sterile.
Sterilizes instruments in rack, ordered sequence.
For sterilizing instruments for removal.
Uses high-frequency vibrations to clean.
Sterilized through steam pressure.
Skill in surgical instruments is the thing that makes
practice in surgery successful and safe. To surgeons, nurses, operating room
technologists, and students, the key to enhanced performance, communication,
and result is getting accustomed to the instruments.
It's the initial step to surgical skill—a step of accuracy, patience, and practice—to learn how to know their names and what they do.
Written by: Beauty Teck
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