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Doyen Retractors
Instrumentation is the foundation of any surgical procedure, and retractors are at the forefront of providing unobstructed vision to the surgical site. The Doyen retractor, named after French surgeon Eugène-Louis Doyen, has revolutionized the
way soft tissue retracting is done.
This retractor is used to retract muscles, organs, and tissues during surgery so that surgeons feel comfortable operating. Its curved or straight form with a broad, flat blade is best for all other regions of surgery.
Eugène-Louis Doyen, a great French surgeon who had a
reputation for being one step ahead with innovative advancements in surgical
tools, invented the Doyen retractor in the late nineteenth and early twentieth
centuries.
Important Milestones in the Doyen Retractor History
• Late 19th Century: Doyen developed the instrument
for application in general and gynecological surgery.
• Early 20th Century: The retractor became more
popular across Europe and subsequently in North America.
• Mid-20th Century: Stainless steel manufacturing technology improved, making the instrument more robust and practical.
• 21st Century: The Doyen retractor remains up-to-date with modern surgery today, having better ergonomic designs and specialty forms.
The Doyen retractor is designed with some of its attributes
allowing it to be easily manipulated while conducting surgery.
• Handle: Generally designed to provide a firm grip so that
there is less fatigue of the hand.
• Blade: The major framework used for retracting the
tissue; could either be a curved or a straight design.
• Tip: Blunt or rounded tips on certain models to
minimize tissue trauma.
Most Doyen retractors are made of high-grade stainless steel
to offer:
• Resistance to corrosion
• Enhanced durability
• Autoclave compatibility (sterilization capacity)
• Non-reactive with body tissues
• Curved Doyen Retractor: For retracting deep tissues in
abdominal surgery.
• Straight Doyen Retractor: For surface or superficial surgery.
• Insulated Doyen Retractor: For electrosurgical surgery.
Doyen retractor is used to pull the soft organs and tissues
to expose and grant better visibility to the operating field.
1. The retractor and surgeon/assistant access the incision
field.
2. The blade is slowly introduced under the tissue or organ
to be retracted.
3. Either hand-held or supported with a self-retaining frame.
4. The surgeon then proceeds to carry out the necessary surgical intervention after retraction.
Doyen retractor is a popular instrument used in most of
the surgical specialties.
• Retracts the soft tissue and abdominal wall.
• Aids exposure of the internal organs, such asthe intestines
and liver, using this instrument.
• Used in performing cesarean section surgeries on a daily
basis.
• Provides hysterectomy and other treatments for the uterus.
• Used in gastrectomy, colectomy, and bowel resection
surgeries.
• Provides exposure of the intestines and stomach for
immediate access.
• Used to retract muscles and tissue for joint operation
procedures.
• Used during hip replacement operations and knee operations.
• Provides spine operations with crisp visualization of the vertebral column.
• Used for nerve tissue pressure relief in sensitive procedures.
Doyen retractor is widely used by surgeons because of its
several advantages.
•BACK Elevation: Alleviates tension on the surgeon's
hand.
•Maintenance of Tissues: Blunt tips minimize trauma
to soft tissues.
•Use: Convenient for many procedures.
•Strength: Stainless steel composition for durability.
•Ease in Autoclaving: Autoclaving can be done without the risk of harming it.
Irrespective of all the advantages, the Doyen retractor also has demerits.
•Used Manually: Needs to be held constantly, leading
to tiredness.
•Limited Supportive Ability: Requires an assistant in
case of prolonged procedures, in comparison to self-retaining retractors.
•Size Restrictions: Not well-suited for extremely deep operating fields.
Comparison with other retractors used in surgery.
Doyen Retractor compared to Deaver Retractor
•Doyen Retractor: Lightweight, used for retracting
soft tissues.
•Deaver Retractor: Heavy, used for retracting deep
cavities.
Doyen Retractor compared to Balfour Retractor
•Doyen Retractor: Needs assistance in holding,
hand-held.
•Balfour Retractor: Self-holding, freeing both hands of the surgeon.
Care and maintenance of the Doyen retractor state is done in
the proper way to provide longer life and effective performance.
• Immediate rinsing to remove blood and debris from tissue.
• Enzyme cleaner of neutral pH to prevent corrosion.
• Soft-brush scrubbing for reaching recessed surfaces.
• Hot autoclaving.
• Chemical sterilization of heat-sensitive displays.
• Ultrasonic cleaning of small crevices.
Due to advancement in science in surgery, the Doyen
retractor is changing day by day.
• Ergonomic Grips: Improve convenience and hold.
• Specialist Coatings: Reduce bacterial adhesion.
• Self-Resinating Characteristics: Allow manual
handling with less dependency.
• Improved Interoperation with Robotics: Utilization
of robotic-arm-guided retractors.
• Intelligent Material Utilisation: Addition of
temperature-sensing alloy metals.
• 3D Printing Technology: Large-scale production of customized retractors according to patients' individual needs.
The Doyen retractor is a single-piece surgical unit, one
which to date has been found to be tried and tested. Its utility in
application, effectiveness, efficacy, and reliability with ease, all serve to
point towards its acceptability as a standard item of kit that can be utilized
within any operating theatre across the world. With caveats, ongoing
improvement in design and material guarantees its place as a 'must have' to be
employed in surgery today.
From its modest beginnings in Eugène-Louis Doyen's surgical
breakthroughs to its current evolution in ergonomics and technology, the Doyen
retractor is the best of tradition and innovation in medical science.
Written by: Beauty Teck
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